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Jeune trans : Quelques abstracts d'articles

Important : http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/01/14/what_alarmist_articles_about_transgender_children_get_wrong.html by Kristina R. Olson

Document du TENI : http://www.teni.ie/attachments/8156eb45-14af-4804-aac4-412a3f6cdec1.PDF

Page de Kristina R. Olson

Etude : Gender Cognition in Transgender Children
http://pss.sagepub.com/content/26/4/467.abstract
Date : 20 Décembre 2014
Auteur-e-s : Kristina R. Olson, Aidan C. Key, Nicholas R. Eaton
Abstract :
A visible and growing cohort of transgender children in North America live according to their expressed gender rather than their natal sex, yet scientific research has largely ignored this population. In the current study, we adopted methodological advances from social-cognition research to investigate whether 5- to 12-year-old prepubescent transgender children (N = 32), who were presenting themselves according to their gender identity in everyday life, showed patterns of gender cognition more consistent with their expressed gender or their natal sex, or instead appeared to be confused about their gender identity. Using implicit and explicit measures, we found that transgender children showed a clear pattern: They viewed themselves in terms of their expressed gender and showed preferences for their expressed gender, with response patterns mirroring those of two cisgender (nontransgender) control groups. These results provide evidence that, early in development, transgender youth are statistically indistinguishable from cisgender children of the same gender identity.

Etude : Prepubescent Transgender Children: What We Do and Do Not Know
http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(15)00794-7/abstract
Date : Novembre 2015
Auteur-e-s : Kristina R. Olson
Abstract :
Since “A” was 2 years old, she has been calling herself a girl, despite being a natal male with typical sex development. Her parents ignored or corrected her perceived “mis-gendering” but, after a year of tantrums and increasing anxiety, allowed her to grow out her hair and wear the clothing of a girl. When strangers called her a girl, A was thrilled. All her friends at school were female, and she continued to ask why God gave her a boy body when she was really a girl. After another year of discussions and increased social withdrawal, her parents decided to begin a “social transition,” introducing her as a girl and registering her for kindergarten as a girl.

Etude : Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/02/24/peds.2015-3223
Date : 8 Décembre 2015
Auteur-e-s : Kristina R. Olson, Lily Durwood, Madeleine DeMeules, Katie A. McLaughlin
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transgender children who have socially transitioned, that is, who identify as the gender “opposite” their natal sex and are supported to live openly as that gender, are increasingly visible in society, yet we know nothing about their mental health. Previous work with children with gender identity disorder (GID; now termed gender dysphoria) has found remarkably high rates of anxiety and depression in these children. Here we examine, for the first time, mental health in a sample of socially transitioned transgender children.
METHODS: A community-based national sample of transgender, prepubescent children (n = 73, aged 3–12 years), along with control groups of nontransgender children in the same age range (n = 73 age- and gender-matched community controls; n = 49 sibling of transgender participants), were recruited as part of the TransYouth Project. Parents completed anxiety and depression measures.
RESULTS: Transgender children showed no elevations in depression and slightly elevated anxiety relative to population averages. They did not differ from the control groups on depression symptoms and had only marginally higher anxiety symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Socially transitioned transgender children who are supported in their gender identity have developmentally normative levels of depression and only minimal elevations in anxiety, suggesting that psychopathology is not inevitable within this group. Especially striking is the comparison with reports of children with GID; socially transitioned transgender children have notably lower rates of internalizing psychopathology than previously reported among children with GID living as their natal sex.
Article de presse : http://www.washington.edu/news/2016/02/26/transgender-children-supported-in-their-identities-show-positive-mental-health/

Etude : Adolescents with gender dysphoria.
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26051304
Date : Juin 2015
Auteur-e-s : Cohen-Kettenis et al
Abstract :
Young people with gender dysphoria are increasingly seen by pediatric endocrinologists. Mental health child specialists assess the adolescent and give advice about psychological or medical treatment. Provided they fulfill eligibility and readiness criteria, adolescents may receive pubertal suspension, consisting of using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs, later followed by cross-sex hormones (sex steroids of the experienced gender). If they fulfill additional criteria, they may have various types of gender affirming surgery. Current issues involve safety aspects. Although generally considered safe in the short-term, the long-term effects regarding bone health and cardiovascular risks are still unknown. Therefore, vigilance is warranted during and long after completion of the last gender affirming surgeries. The timing of the various treatment steps is also under debate: instead of fixed age limits, the cognitive and emotional maturation, along with the physical development, are now often considered as more relevant.

Etude : Gender dysphoria and children.
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/24972388
Date : 25 juin 2014
Auteur-e-s : Nicholson C , McGuinness TM
Abstract :
The age at which gender dysphoria can be diagnosed with enough certainty to justify medical intervention is controversial. The aim of this article is to explore current literature as it relates to the gender reassignment process and diagnostic indicators supporting an appropriate age for intervention. The timing of diagnosis and treatment of gender dysphoria remains the center of debate between the long-term effects of early intervention versus delay of treatment. Limited research is available on gender dysphoria treatment protocols for children. However, preliminary studies suggest that early intervention improves the quality of life in individuals who are transgender. Ongoing research suggests that it may be possible to confirm gender dysphoria at an earlier age.